EARTHQUAKE REVIEW BY CIA 2013-08-07 23:59:20 (M4.9) BURMA 20.6 94.1 (70301)

The Earth's solid surface floats on a layer of softer rock as a
collection of interlocking, movable puzzle pieces called tectonic
plates. At 7:58 a.m. (local time), on December 26, 2004, beneath the
Indian Ocean west of Sumatra, Indonesia, pent-up energy from the
compressional forces of one tectonic plate grinding under another
found a weak spot in the overlying rock. The rock was thrust upward,
and the Earth shook as a 9.0 magnitude earthquake sent its vibrations
out into the ocean. Tsunamis spread out in all directions; the massive
waves washed over islands and crashed against coastlines in Sri Lanka,
Southern India, and even the east coast of Africa. Tens of thousands
of people were killed; millions are homeless. The image above shows
how the tectonic puzzle pieces fit together around Indonesia. The
epicenter of the recent quake is marked with a red star in the image.
It is located just to the east of the Sunda Trench, where the India
Plate begins to get subducted beneath (forced under) the Burma Plate.
The blue arrows along the plate boundary show the direction of
subduction. As the India Plate slides beneath the Burma Plate, it
meets pockets of resistance, which causes compressional forces to
build up. Weakened overlying rock gets forced upward. Based on the
location of aftershocks (red shaded circles on the image), the United
States Geological Survey reports that approximately 1,200 kilometers
of the plate boundary probably slipped as a result of the quake. The
initial rupture was likely more than 100 kilometers wide, and probably
produced an average vertical displacement along the fault plane (the
slope along which the two plates meet) of 15 meters. When the bottom
of the ocean is deformed by this type of ''megathrust'' quake, the
upward force acts like a fist rising up from underwater. Water rolls
down off the sides of the ''fist,'' creating massive waves that can
travel as fast as an airplane. The waves can move across the ocean and
barely disturb the surface, but when they reach shallow coastal water,
the earthquake's energy thrusts them tens of meters into the air. The
tsunami created by this earthquake reached India and Sri Lanka in
about four hours. The wave eventually reached Africa, the Pacific
Ocean, Hawaii, and the west coast of North and South America. For more
information about this earthquake and plate tectonics, visit the
Website of the earthquake.usgs.gov/eqinthenews/2004/usslav/ USGS.
---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: USGS ENS <ens@ens.usgs.gov>
Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2013 00:14:46 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: 2013-08-07 23:59:20 (M4.9) BURMA 20.6 94.1 (70301)
To: guyperea1@gmail.com

== PRELIMINARY EARTHQUAKE REPORT ==



Region: BURMA
Geographic coordinates: 20.565N, 94.091E
Magnitude: 4.9
Depth: 35 km
Universal Time (UTC): 7 Aug 2013 23:59:20
Time near the Epicenter: 8 Aug 2013 06:29:20
Local standard time in your area: 7 Aug 2013 14:59:20

Location with respect to nearby cities:
83 km (51 mi) W of Yenangyaung, Burma
83 km (51 mi) WSW of Chauk, Burma
92 km (57 mi) WNW of Minbu, Burma
97 km (60 mi) WNW of Magway, Burma
231 km (143 mi) WNW of Nay Pyi Taw, Burma


ADDITIONAL EARTHQUAKE PARAMETERS
________________________________
event ID : us b000iy9d

This event has been reviewed by a seismologist at NEIC
For subsequent updates, maps, and technical information, see:
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usb000iy9d
or
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/

National Earthquake Information Center
U.S. Geological Survey
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/neic/


DISCLAIMER: https://sslearthquake.usgs.gov/ens/help.html?page=help#disclaimer

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