The Sky This Week, 2013 January 8 - 15

Jupiter, with Europa, Io, and Callisto
Imaged on 2013 January 8, 01:48 UT
http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/tours-events/sky-this-week/images_skyweek/jupc8_130108tv_0148_01small.jpg/image_large
The Moon slips from the morning to the evening sky this week, with New
Moon occurring on the 11th at 2:44 pm Eastern Standard Time. You
should be able to catch your last glimpse of Luna in the pre-dawn sky
in the brightening twilight on the 10th. At this time her hairline
crescent will be just twodegrees north of bright Venus, about five
degrees above the southeast horizon at 6:45 am. Lookfor the first
crescent of the evening sky after sunset on the 12th. At 6:00 pm the
day-old Moonwill be five degrees above the southwest horizon, and
observers with binoculars may be able to pick out the feeble glimmer
of Mars about eight degrees to the southeast.
There are still a few nights left to participate in the current
observing campaign for this year's "Globe At Night" citizen-science
program . This first of five events runs through the evening of the
12th, inviting you to make a simple observation of a familiar
constellation to contribute to our knowledge of light- and
air-pollution in our atmosphere. Those of us in northern temperate
latitudes are encouraged to look at the constellation of Orion and
simply compare the number of stars we see with charts published on
theprogram's website. Last year the campaign recorded nearly 17,000
observations from participants in 92 countries, and comparable numbers
are hoped for this year. Should weather or other circumstances prevent
you from looking this week, the next campaign begins on the 31st.
Whether you're observing for science or not, the stars of Orion and
his surrounding companions nowgrace the "prime-time" viewing hours.
Even from the bright corner of my yard where I set up my telescope to
look at Jupiter the stars of the Great Winter Circle arebright enough
to grab my attention each night. Nowhere else in the skywill you find
such a rich diversity of star colors, ranging from the ruddy tints of
Betelgeuse and Aldebaran to the scintillating ice-blue of Sirius and
the golden glow of Capella. By 10:30 pm the meridian neatly bisects
this gaggle of stars which sports nine of the 25 brightest luminaries
in the sky. Each of these bright stars has a story to tell in their
starlight, be it their relative proximity to us (as with Sirius and
Procyon), their extreme distances (as with Rigel and most of the other
stars in Orion) or their old age, best exhibited in the bloated red
supergiant star Betelgeuse. I am always amazed at the information we
can glean from the photons fromthese remote places. Unlike most
scientific specimens, we will never be able to touch any of them!
This is perhaps the last week to catch a fleeting glimpse of Mars in
the evening sky, and your best chance to spot him will be on the 12th
and 13th when he is"bracketed" by the waxing crescent Moon. The red
planet now sets at the end of evening twilight, so you'll need
binoculars to pull his ruddy glimmer out of the backlit sky.
Jupiter continues to dominate the evening hours. You'll see him pop
out of the twilight glow shortly after sunset high in the east, and he
marches steadily higher and westward as the evening progresses. He's
on the meridian and nearly directly overhead just before 9:30 pm.
After the Moon, Jupiter is far and away the most easily observed solar
system target for small to medium aperture telescopes. You don't have
to watch him for long to see subtle changes. The planet rotates very
fast: a "day" on Jupiter is less than10 hours long. This rapid
rotation brings new features into view over the course of an observing
session,and if any of his moons are near his disc their motions will
be readily apparent over a few minutes. Old Jove occupies quite a bit
of my evenings on nights when the air is steady and clear.
Saturn is gradually working his way toward the evening sky. He rises
just before 2:00 am EST right now, but in another month he'll crest
the horizon at midnight. He's best observed just before dawn for the
next few weeks. Saturn is a gas giant planet that's similar to
Jupiterin many ways, but his greater distance from the Sun causes less
interesting "weather" in his dense atmosphere. However, Saturn sports
his famous rings which have tantalized and charmed both professional
and amateur observers since the invention of the telescope. He will
succeed Jupiter for my undivided attention by late spring!
You might wish to say farewell to Venus this week if you're up before
the Sun. She is headed toward conjunction with the Sun in March, so
each passing morning now bringshere ever closer to the encroaching
solar glare.
Tue, 08 Jan 2013 22:50:54 UTC

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