Liver Function of President of The United States

AST
<40 U/L. (<80 U/L in neonates). Detection and monitoring of liver cell damage.
LIVER FUNCTION TESTS
Albumin (plasma or serum)
32-45 g/L. Varies with age. Assessment of hydration, nutritional
status, protein-losing disorders and liver disease.
ALP (alkaline Phosphatase)
Neonate: 50-300 U/L Growing child: 70-350 U/L Adult, non-pregnant:
25-100 U/L Higher levels are seen in the third trimester of pregnancy
and in individuals over 50 years of age. Investigation of
hepatobiliary or bone disease.
AST
<40 U/L. (<80 U/L in neonates). Detection and monitoring of liver cell damage.
Bilirubin
Bilirubin (total): <20 mol/L Bilirubin (direct): <7 mol/L
Investigation and monitoring of hepatobiliary disease and haemolysis.
In most circumstances total bilirubin is sufficient.
GGT
Male: <50 U/L Female: <30 U/L Assessment of liver disease. Increased
levels are found in cholestatic liver disease and in hepatocellular
disease when there isan element of cholestasis. Levels are increased
in diabetes, with chronic intake of excess alcohol and with certain
drugs (especially phenytoin) as a result of enzyme induction.
Pancreatitis and prostatitis may also be associated with increased
levels. Levels may benormal early in the course of acute
hepatocellular damage eg, acute viral hepatitis, paracetamol
hepatotoxicity.
REFERENCE: http://www.rcpamanual.edu.au/default.asp
ultrasoundpaedia.com
1
Globulins
Calculated: globulin = total protein - albumin. Neonate: 12-36 g/L
Adult: 25-35 g/L. Identification of hypo- and
hyper-gammaglobulinaemia. Paraproteinaemias are not reliably detected
by calculation of total globulin. Specific measurement of
immunoglobulins and protein electrophoresis is preferred. Reference
values may differ between racial groups. Levels are increased with
chronic inflammation, infection, autoimmunedisease, liver disease, and
paraproteinaemia. Levels are decreased in protein-losing enteropathy,
humoral immunodeficiency and sometimes in the nephrotic syndrome.
LD 110-230 U/L (method and age dependent). It is occasionally usefulin
the assessment of patients with liver disease or malignancy
(especially lymphoma, seminoma, hepatic metastases); anaemia
whenhaemolysis or ineffective erythropoiesis suspected. Although it
may be elevated in patients with skeletal muscle damage it is not a
useful in this situation.
ALT
Adult: <35 U/L Neonate: <50 U/L Detection and monitoring of liver cell
damage. Increased ALT levels are associated with hepatocellular
damage. ALT is more specific for hepatocellular damage than is AST or
LD and remains elevated for longer, due to its longer half-life. The
AST/ALT ratio is typically >1 in alcoholic liver disease and <1 in
non-alcoholic liver disease.
PT
Reagent dependent; prothrombin time generally 11-15 seconds. More
sensitive than the APTT for the detection of coagulation factor
deficiencies due to vitamin K deficiency, liver disease. Screen
fordeficiency of factor VII and, with APTT, factors X, V, II, I. An
abnormal result is most often due to liver disease, vitamin K
deficiency or oral anticoagulant therapy.
REFERENCE: http://www.rcpamanual.edu.au/default.asp
ultrasoundpaedia.com
2
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