AG2 Earth and Sky from United States Navy December 5 2012'

Typhoon 26W Warning #41
Dec 06, 2012
http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/warnings/wp2612.gif
Jupiter, Europa & Io, 2012 November 30, 03:49 UT
Note the Great Red Spot and its companion, "Little Red".
The Moon wanes in the morning sky this week, but she passes a numberof
bright objects as she moves through the rising stars of spring. Last
Quarter occurs on December 6th at 10:31 am Eastern Standard Time. Luna
begins the week passingsix degrees south of the bright starRegulus on
the morning of the 5th. On the 9th you'll find her just a degree south
of the star Spica in the pre-dawn sky. On the morning of the 10th she
drifts four degrees south of yellow-hued Saturn. Finally, in the
gathering twilight of the morning of the 11th, look for her slender
crescent just two degrees south of the bright glow of Venus.
December 7th marks the beginning of the series of phenomena associated
with the winter solstice.This is the evening of the year's earliest
sunset, which in the Washington, DC area occurs at 4:46 pm EST. From
this evening onward Old Sol will set a little bit later on successive
nights. The change is very incremental at first, but by the time the
solstice occurs on the 22nd sunset will be four minutes later. By the
end of the year sunset will occur at 4:58 pm. The trade-off comes with
the time of latest sunrise. That won't occur until January 4th, 2012,
when the Sun peeks over the horizon at 7:27 am. The shortest day of
the year still falls halfway between these dates on the solstice
itself, marking the astronomical beginning to the winter season.
As the Moon moves into the morning sky and the nights approach their
longest duration for the year we are treated to one of the most
dazzling sights in the natural world. By a coincidence of long-term
cycles involving the precession of the Earth's axis of rotation and
others that vary over thousands of years we enjoy dark nights filled
with the brightest stars, with the prominent constellation of Orion as
the centerpiece. We discussed Orion at length last week, so you should
be very familiar with him by now. Go outside at around 10:00 pm and
locate the Hunter's three "Belt Stars" to begin a journey around
thewinter sky. Follow an imaginary line through the three stars toward
the southeast and you will run into the brightest star in the sky,
Sirius, the"Dog Star". This star shines so brightly because of its
proximity to us at a distance of just over eight light-years. Its
distinctive blue color tells us that it is hotter and brighter than
our Sun. From Sirius we can move in a clockwise direction to encounter
the star Procyon, another nearby neighbor some 11 light-years distant.
Continuing on this arc we next run into Pollux and Castor, the Twin
Stars of Gemini; we then encounter the beautiful golden glow of
Capella, the northernmost of these bright luminaries. Swinging to the
southwest we pass the bright planet Jupiter and encounter Aldebaran,
the fiery red-tinted"eye" of Taurus, the Bull. Finally wecome to
Rigel, the bright blue star that marks one of Orion's knees. Rigel
bears a superficial resemblance to Sirius, but physically the two
stars are very different. Rigel is a "blue supergiant" star located
over 100 times farther away than the Dog Star that shines with the
equivalentluminosity of over 50,000 Suns! To put this another way, if
Rigel were located at the distance of Sirius, it would appear as
bright as the Full Moon in our sky! At the center of this "Great
Winter Circle is Betelgeuse, the distinctive ruddy star marking
Orion's shoulder. Within the bounds of the circle are several other
bright luminaries, and in this region you'll find nine of the 25
brightest stars in the sky, a nice treat for light-deprived denizens
of the Northern Hemisphere.
Early evening skywatchers can still glimpse ruddy Mars skulking along
the southwestern horizon as evening twilight falls. The Red Planet is
hanging tough against theadvancing Sun as he moves into the din stars
of the constellation Capricornus. Mars will remain barelyvisible in
the evening sky until late January.
Jupiter is far and away the focal point of the evening, rising just
before sunset and dominating the sky until the first glimmers of
morning twilight. Old Jove reached opposition on the 3rd, so now is
theoptimal time to see him at his best. There is much detail to be
seen in his turbulent cloud tops when viewed with a modest telescope,
and even a simple spotting scope will easily show his four Galilean
moons. If you point the telescope athim at around 10:00 pm EST on the
evenings of the 4th and the 9th youshould be able to see the famous
Great Red Spot
http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/tours-events/sky-this-week/images_skyweek/jupc8_121130_0349_01small.jpg/image_large
as it rotates acrosshis disc, and on the night of the 6th you can
watch his large moon Ganymede transit across the planet's southern
polar region trailing its ink-black shadow while the moon Callisto
passes just to Jupiter's north.
If you're up by 6:00 am during the first few days of the week you can
see three planets in the eastern skyneatly lined up like beads on a
string. The highest is golden Saturn, some 20 degrees above the
southwest horizon. Closer to the skyline is brilliant Venus, and
halfway between Venus and the horizon is elusive Mercury. The latter
planet will become lost in the solar glare by the weekend, but Venus
and Saturn will remain behind, gradually growing farther apart for the
remainder of the year.

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