as of INTERMEDIATE ADVISORY NUMBER19A At 800 AM AST MON AUG 20 2012
Gascogne Buoy Water Temperature (WTMP): 69.6 °F Brittany Buoy Water
Temperature (WTMP): 65.7 °F Wave Height (WVHT): 4.9 ft K1 Buoy Wave
Height (WVHT): 5.6 ft Water Temperature (WTMP): 63.3 °F SHIP S
1200 41.20 -23.30 210 359 50 22.0 - 3.3 2.0 - -
30.02 0.00 71.6 - 68.0 5 8 - - - 50
- - 50 ---- ----- - - - - -
- -
SHIP S 1200 33.50 -22.20 257 169 200 15.0 - 4.9 3.0
- - 30.15 0.06 80.6 - 70.3 11 5 - 13.1 15.0
260 - - - ---- ----- - - - -
- - - SHIP S 1200 33.90 -20.50 263 149 200
12.0 - 3.3 2.0 - - 30.11 0.06 77.0 75.2 69.3 0.02
4 - - - - - - - ---- ----- -
- - - - - - SHIP S 1200
34.40 -19.60 264 138 170 9.9 - 1.6 4.0 - - 30.10
0.03 80.2 76.1 66.9 0.02 2 - 4.9 9.0 320 - -
- ---- ----- - - - - - -
- SHIP S 1200 34.70 -18.50 290 127 150 7.0 -
6.6 10.0 - - 30.18 -0.06 80.6 75.2 79.3 11 2 -
6.6 12.0 300 - - - ---- ----- - -
- - - - - SHIP S 1200 33.40 -19.30
321 142 - 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 - - 30.10 0.02 83.8 75.9
77.4 0.02 1 - 4.9 9.0 90 - - - ---- -----
- - - - - - - SHIP S
1200 35.70 -16.90 326 110 140 14.0 - 3.3 4.0 - -
30.11 0.00 77.2 - 73.4 0.02 7 - 4.9 10.0 290 -
- - ---- ----- - - - - -
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/tafb_latest/refresh/danger_atl_latestBW_sm2
gif/144234123_sm.gif
Storm Surge vs. Storm Tide Storm surge is an abnormal rise of water
generated by a storm, over and above the predicted astronomical tides
. Storm surge should not be confused with storm tide, which is defined
as the water level rise due to the combination of storm surge and the
astronomical tide. This rise in water level can cause extreme flooding
in coastal areas particularly when storm surgecoincides with normal
high tide, resulting in storm tides reaching up to 20 feet or more in
some cases.
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/surge/images/stormsurgevsstormtide_sm.jpg
Storm Surge vs. Storm Tide
Factors Impacting Surge Storm surge is produced by water being pushed
toward the shore by the force of the winds moving cyclonically around
the storm. The impact on surge of the low pressureassociated with
intense storms is minimal in comparison to the water being forced
toward the shore by the wind.
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/surge/images/surgebulge_COMET_sm.jpg
Wind and Pressure Components of Hurricane Storm Surge
The maximum potential storm surge for a particular location depends on
a number of different factors. Storm surge is a very complex
phenomenon because it is sensitive to the slightest changes in storm
intensity, forward speed, size (radius of maximum winds-RMW), angle of
approach to the coast, central pressure (minimal contribution in
comparison to the wind), and the shape and characteristics of coastal
features such as bays and estuaries.
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/surge/animations/hurricane_stormsurge.swf
Click on Image to Play Video
Other factors which can impact storm surge are the width and slopeof
the continental shelf. A shallow slope will potentially produce a
greater storm surge than a steep shelf. For example, a Category 4
storm hitting the Louisiana coastline, which has a very wide
andshallow continental shelf, may produce a 20-foot storm surge, while
the same hurricane in a place like Miami Beach, Florida, where
thecontinental shelf drops off very quickly, might see an 8 or 9-foot
surge. More information regarding storm surge impacts and their
associated generalizations can be found -
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/surge/animations/surgea.swf
Surge animation with shallow continental shelf (Click on Image toPlay Video)
Surge animation with shallow continental shelf (Click on Image toPlay Video)
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/surge/animations/surgeb.swf
Surge animation with steep continental shelf (Click on Image toPlay Video)
Adding to the destructive power of surge, battering waves may increase
damage to buildings directly along the coast. Water weighs
approximately 1,700 poundsper cubic yard; extended pounding by
frequent waves can demolish anystructure not specifically designed to
withstand such forces. The two elements work together to increase the
impact on land because the surge makes it possible for waves to extend
inland.
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/surge/images/Fallen_house.jpg
Although elevated, this house in North Carolina could not withstand
the 15 ft (4.5 m) of storm surge that came with Hurricane Floyd (1999)
Additionally, currents created by tides combine with the waves to
severely erode beaches and coastal highways. Buildings that survive
hurricane winds can be damaged if their foundations are undermined and
weakened by erosion.
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/surge/images/road_erosion.jpg
Beachfront road and boardwalk damaged by Hurricane Jeanne (2004)
In confined harbors, the combination of storm tides, waves, and
currents can also severely damage marinas and boats. In estuaries and
bayous, salt water intrusion endangers the public health, kills
vegetation, and can send animals, such as snakes and alligators,
fleeing from flooded areas.
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/surge/images/Battered_Marina.jpg
Damaged boats in a marina
Notable Surge Events
*. Ike 2008 ( SLOSH Historical Run )
Hurricane Ike made landfall near the north end of Galveston Island as
a Category 2 hurricane. Storm surges of 15-20 feet above normal tide
levels occurred along the Bolivar Peninsula of Texas and in much of
the Galveston Bay area. Property damage from Ike isestimated at $24.9
billion. More...
*. Katrina 2005 ( SLOSH Historical Run )
Katrina was one of the most devastating hurricanes in the history of
the United States. It produced catastrophic damage - estimated at $75
billion in the New Orleans area and along the Mississippi coast - and
is the costliest U. S. hurricane on record. Storm surge flooding of 25
to 28 feet above normal tide levels was associated with Katrina.
More...
*. Dennis 2005 ( SLOSH Historical Run )
Dennis affected much of Florida, and its effects extended well inland
over portions of the southeastern United States with the maximum
amount rainfall of 12.80 inches occuring near Camden, Alabama. Storm
surge flooding of 7-9 ft produced considerable storm surge-related
damage near St. Marks, Florida, well to the east of the landfall
location. The damage associated with Dennis in the United States is
estimated at $2.23 billion. More...
*. Isabel 2003 ( SLOSH Historical Run )
Isabel was the worst hurricane to affect the Chesapeake Bay
regionsince 1933. Storm surge values of more than 8 feet flooded
riversthat flowed into the bay across Virginia, Maryland, Delaware,
andWashington, D.C. Isabel was the most intense hurricane of the 2003
season and directly resulted in 17 deaths and more than $3 billion in
damages. More...
*. Opal 1995 ( SLOSH Historical Run )
Hurricane Opal made landfall nearPensacola Beach, Florida as a
Category 3 hurricane. The storm caused extensive storm surge damage
from Pensacola Beach to Mexico Beach (a span of 120 miles) with a
maximum storm tide of 24 feet, recorded near Fort Walton Beach. Damage
estimatesfor Opal were near $3 billion. More...
*. Hugo 1989 ( SLOSH Historical Run )
Hugo impacted the southeastern United States, including South Carolina
cities Charleston and Myrtle Beach. Hugo was responsible for 60 deaths
and $7billion in damages, with the highest storm surge estimated
at19.8 feet at Romain Retreat, South Carolina. More...
*. Camille 1969 ( SLOSH Historical Run )
Camille was a Category 5 hurricane, the most powerful on the
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale with maximum winds of more than
155 mph and storm surge flooding of 24 feet that devastated the
Mississippi coast.The final death count for the U.S.is listed at 256.
This includes 143 on the Gulf coast and another 113 from the Virginia
floods. More...
*. Audrey 1957 ( SLOSH Historical Run )
There were 390 deaths associated with Audrey as the result of a storm
surge in excess of 12 feet, which inundated the flat coast of
southwestern Louisiana as far as 25 miles inland in some places.
More...
*. New England 1938 ( SLOSH Historical Run )
The Long Island Express was a fast-moving Category 3 hurricanethat
struck Long Island and New England with little warning on September
21. A storm surge of 10 to 12 ft inundated the coastsof Rhode Island,
Connecticut, southeastern Massachusetts, and Long Island, NY,
especially inNarragansett Bay and Buzzards Bay. Six hundred people
died due to the storm. More...
*. Galveston 1900 ( SLOSH Historical Run )
At least 8,000 people died when hurricane storm tides (the surge plus
the astronomical tide) of 8-15 feet inundated most of the island city
of Galveston, TX and adjacent areas on the mainland. More...
Surge Vulnerability Facts
*. From 1990-2008, population density increased by 32% in Gulf coastal
counties, 17% in Atlanticcoastal counties, and 16% in Hawaii (U.S.
Census Bureau 2010)
*. Much of the United States' densely populated Atlantic and Gulf
Coast coastlines lie less than 10 feet above mean sea level
*. Over half of the Nation's economic productivity is located within
coastal zones
*. 72% of ports, 27% of major roads, and 9% of rail lines within the
Gulf Coast region are at or below 4 ft elevation (CCSP, SAP 4-7)
*. A storm surge of 23 ft has the ability to inundate 67% of
interstates, 57% of arterials, almost half of rail miles, 29 airports,
and virtually all ports in the Gulf Coast area (CCSP SAP 4-7)
--
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Guy Ralph Perea Sr President of The United States
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